Oksidativni stres in metode za njegovo detekcijo

Opis predmeta

Oksidativni stres je definiran kot porušenje ravnotežja med tvorbo reaktivnih kisikovih

zvrsti (RKZ) in antioksidanti v celici. Posamezni vsebinski sklopi:

• Pato-fiziološke spremembe povezane s stanjem oksidativnega stresa
• Nastanek reaktivnih kisikovih zvrsti v celicah s poudarkom na singletnem kisiku, superoksidnem anionu, vodikovem peroksidu in hidroksilnem radikalu – endogeni in eksogeni viri
• Vloga kovinskih ionov pri nastanku oksidativnega stresa.
• Antioksidativni obrambni (endogeni in eksogeni) sistemi

Metode za detekcijo RKZ: Elektronska paramagnetna resonanca, Detekcija vodikovega peroksida, Detekcija superoksidnega aniona, Določanje sprememb koncentracije eksogenih antioksidantov kot indikator oksidativnega stresa, Določanje poškodb DNK kot indikator oksidativnega stresa, Določanje oksidativnih poškodb proteinov, Poškodbe membran in lipidna peroksidacija kot indikator oksidativnega stresa

Cilji in kompetence

Cilji: Študenti bodo spoznali kemijsko zgradbo reaktivnih kisikovih zvrsti (RKZ), njihove pozitivne in negativne učinke na zgradbo in delovanje celic / organizmov. V nadaljevanju bodo spoznali definicijo oksidativnega stresa, endogene in eksogene vire ROS ter antioksidativne obrambne sisteme – endogene in eksogene.

Primere oksidativnega stresa bodo spoznali pri različnih organizmih, od prokariontov do različnih evkariontov.

V drugem delu bo sledil pregled metod za detekcijo oksidativnega stresa.

Študenti bodo izdelali seminar, pri katerem bodo spoznali aktualno problematiko s področja oksidativnega stresa, zmožni bodo uporabljati in kombinirati različne vire informacij.

Kompetence: Študenti bodo znali detektirati oksidativni stres v celicah in ovrednotiti njegov vpliv na različnih nivojih organizacije bioloških sistemov.

Metode poučevanja in učenja

Predavanja, seminar, diskusije.

Predvideni študijski rezultati

Znanje in razumevanje:

Temeljno razumevanje delovanja RKZ in antioksidantov v celicah. Razumevanje principa oksidativnega stresa v bioloških sistemih in posledic oksidativnega stresa za organizem in razvoj bolezni. Poznavanje metod za detekcijo in ovrednotenje oksidativnega stresa v celicah.

Reference nosilca

Borut Poljšak:

1. ZIMET, Zlatko, BILBAN, Marjan, MARC-MALOVRH, Mateja, KOROŠEC, Peter, POLJŠAK, Borut, OSREDKAR, Joško, ŠILAR, Mira. 8-isoprostane as oxidative stress marker in coal mine workers. Biomedical and environmental sciences, ISSN 0895-3988, 2016, vol. 29, no.8, str. 589-593.
2. ZIMET, Zlatko, BILBAN, Marjan, FABJAN, Teja, KUMER, Kristina, POLJŠAK, Borut, OSREDKAR, Joško. Lead exposure and oxidative stress in coal miners. Biomedical and environmental sciences, ISSN 0895-3988, 2017, vol. 30, no.11, str. 841-845.
3. POLJŠAK, Borut, FINK, Rok. The protective role of antioxidants in the defence against ROS/RNS-mediated environmental pollution. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, ISSN 1942-0994. [Spletna izd.], 2014, vol. 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/671539.
4. GODIĆ, Aleksandar, POLJŠAK, Borut, ADAMIČ, Metka, DAHMANE, Raja. The role of antioxidants in skin cancer prevention and treatment. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, ISSN 1942-0994. [Spletna izd.], 2014, vol. 2014. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2014/860479/, doi: 10.1155/2014/860479.
5. POLJŠAK, Borut. NAMPT-mediated NAD biosynthesis as the internal timing mechanism : in NAD+ World, time is running in its own way. Rejuvenation research, ISSN 1557-8577, 2018, vol. 21, no. 3, str. 210-224.
6. ZIMET, Zlatko, BILBAN, Marjan, OSREDKAR, Joško, POLJŠAK, Borut, FABJAN, Teja, SUHADOLC, Kristina. Three-day environmental exposure may trigger oxidative stress development and provoke adaptive response resulting in altered antioxidant activity: an experimental study. Iranian Journal of Public Health (Accepted for publication).
7. POLJŠAK, Borut, MILISAV, Irina. Oxidized forms of dietary antioxidants : friends or foes?. Trends in food science & technology, ISSN 0924-2244. [Print ed.], Oct. 2014, vol. 39, iss. 2, str. 156-166.

Polona Jamnik:

1. TAVČAR BENKOVIĆ, Eva, ŽIGON, Dušan, MIHAJLOVIČ, Vladimir, PETELINC, Tanja, JAMNIK, Polona, KREFT, Samo. Identification, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity, and gastrointestinal stability of lignans from silver fir (abies alba) wood extract. Journal of wood chemistry and technology, ISSN 0277-3813, 2017, vol. 37, no. 6, str. 467-477.
2. PETELINC, Tanja, MEDVED, Manca, POLAK, Tomaž, JAMNIK, Polona. Caffeic acid esters affect intracellular oxidation and vitality of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Natural product communications, ISSN 1934-578X, 2017, vol. 12, no. 11, str. 1773-1776.
3. LARSSON, Karin, ISTENIČ, Katja, WULFF, Tune, JONSDOTTIR, Rosa, KRISTINSSON, Hordur G., FREYSDOTTIR, Jona, UNDELAND, Ingrid, JAMNIK, Polona. Effect of in vitro digested cod liver oil of different quality on oxidative, proteomic and inflammatory responses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, ISSN 0022-5142. [Print ed.], 2015, vol. 95, iss. 15, str. 3096-3106.
4. PETELINC, Tanja, POLAK, Tomaž, JAMNIK, Polona. Insight into the molecular mechanisms of propolis activity using a subcellular proteomic approach. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, ISSN 0021-8561, 2013, vol. 61, str. 11502-11510
5. PETELINC, Tanja, POLAK, Tomaž, DEMŠAR, Lea, JAMNIK, Polona. Fractionation of phenolic compounds extracted from propolis and their activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PloS one, ISSN 1932-6203, 2013, vol. 8, no. 2, str. 1-8.
6. SKRT, Mihaela, JAMNIK, Polona, POKLAR ULRIH, Nataša. Antioxidative activity of methanolic and water extracts from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1. Acta chimica slovenica, ISSN 1318-0207. [Tiskana izd.], 2018, vol. 65, str. 172-182,

Irina Milisav:

1. EGEA, Javier, FABREGAT, Isabel, FRAPART, Yves M., GHEZZI, Pietro, GÖRLACH, Agnes, KIETZMANN, Thomas, KUBAICHUK, Kateryna, KNAUS, Ulla G., LOPEZ, Manuela G., MILISAV, Irina, et al. European contribution to the study of ROS : a summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS). Redox biology, ISSN 2213-2317, May 2017, vol. 13, str. 94-162.
2. PAJARES, Marta, JIMÉNEZ-MORENO, Natalia, DIAS, Irundika H. K., DEBELEC, Bilge, VUCETIC, Milica, FLADMARK, Kari E., BASAGA, Huveyda, RIBARIČ, Samo, MILISAV, Irina, CUADRADO, Antonio. Redox control of protein degradation. BioMed research international, ISSN 2314-6141, Sep. 2015, vol. 6, str. 409-420.
3. MILISAV, Irina, ŠUPUT, Dušan, RIBARIČ, Samo. Unfolded protein response and macroautophagy in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases. Molecules, ISSN 1420-3049, Oct. 2015, vol. 20, no. 12, str. 22718-22756.
4. MILISAV, Irina, RIBARIČ, Samo, ŠUPUT, Dušan. Targeting stress responses for regenerative medicine. V: OSLOWSKI, Christine M. (ur.). Stress Responses : methods and protocols, (Methods in Molecular Biology, ISSN 1064-3745, 1292). New York [etc.]: Humana Press. 2015, str. 235-243.
5. POLJŠAK, Borut, MILISAV, Irina. NAD+ as the link between oxidative stress, inflammation, caloric restriction, exercise, DNA repair, longevity, and health span. Rejuvenation research, ISSN 1557-8577, 2016, vol. 19, no. 5, str. 406-413.
6. POLJŠAK, Borut, ŠUPUT, Dušan, MILISAV, Irina. Achieving the balance between ROS and antioxidants : when to use the synthetic antioxidants. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, ISSN 1942-0994. [Spletna izd.], 2013, vol. 2013. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oximed/2013/956792/, doi: 10.1155/2013/956792.

POLJŠAK, Borut, MILISAV, Irina. Vitamin B3 forms as precursors to NAD+ : are they safe?. Trends in food science & technology, ISSN 0924-2244. [Print ed.], Sept. 2018, vol. 79, str. 198-203.

Temeljni viri in literatura

Izbrana poglavja / Selected chapters:

Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. 2015. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 944 str.

Originalni znanstveni članki iz tekoče periodike / actual scientific papers.