Electrodynamics

Electricity fundamentals refresher: electrical circuits as a zer0-dimensional problem. TEM transmission lines as a one-dimensional problem, telegrapher's equation. Characteristic impedance and reflection coefficient in time domain. Reflection coefficient and standing-wave ratio in frequency domain. Three-dimensional problems, mathematics refresher: coordinate systems, Lame coefficients, differential operations in space. Conversion of Maxwell equations from integral into differential form, Poynting theorem, wave equations for electric and magnetic field. Vector potential, Lorentz choice, wave equations for scalar and vector potential, solutions of potential equations. Potentials and exact electromagnetic field of a current element, static, dynamic and radiation terms, magnitudes of different terms as a function of frequency and distance, radiation resistance and efficiency. Electromagnetic waves in unlimited space, wave vector. Complex wave vector, total reflection and tunnelling. Electromagnetic field in confined space as a sum of free-space waves. One-dimensional standing wave in metal waveguides, phase and group velocity. Multi-dimensional standing wave in cavity resonators. Electromagnetic waves in lossy media, penetration depth and skin effect. Quality of inductors and resonators. Attenuation of TEM transmission lines. Microstrip line.

Learning fundamental properties of dynamic electromagnetic fields. Learning phenomena on transmission lines. Learning radiation as the basis of wireless communications. Learning different electromagnetic effects in infinite and confined space, in lossless and lossy media.

Lectures for theoretical background and laboratory experiments to practically confirm the theory working in a team environment.