Power System Dynamic Phenomena

In this course, we explore how electric power systems (EPSs) respond to unforeseen disturbances and faults. We examine EPS stability and key dynamic phenomena that can jeopardize reliable system operation and, consequently, the supply of electrical energy. The focus is on different categories of stability—angular, frequency, and voltage stability—as well as on the causes and consequences of phenomena such as traveling waves (electromagnetic, electromechanical), capacitor switching, subsynchronous resonance, ferroresonance, inrush currents in transformers, and others. 

Students will gain knowledge to understand the fundamental principles of these phenomena, their causes—primarily faults and short circuits—and the possibilities for their mitigation using modern approaches and technologies. Given the rapid and significant changes in EPSs driven by sustainability concerns, students will also be introduced to current challenges in the field. 

The course also emphasizes EPS modelling for the analysis, simulation, and visualization of individual dynamic phenomena. Students will learn about the limitations of modelling across different time scales, procedures for analysing nonlinear and linearized systems, and methods based on state-space representation, eigenvalues, controllability, and observability. We also address numerical challenges in solving differential equations and introduce both conventional (RMS, EMT) and advanced real-time hardware in the loop digital simulations. 

The course combines theoretical foundations with analytical methods essential for solving real-world engineering challenges in EPSs.

The objective of this course is to provide an understanding of the physical principles behind dynamic phenomena in electric power systems (EPSs) and the operating conditions that lead to their occurrence. Dynamic phenomena can cause operational issues and are often among the primary reasons for partial or complete EPS blackouts. Especially widespread and prolonged blackouts have severe consequences for functioning of our society. 

Students will explore real-world cases of EPS instability and develop an intuitive understanding of their impacts. The mathematical treatment of these phenomena will emphasize the practical application of differential equations and the comprehension of the mathematical foundations behind physical processes and their simulation. This knowledge is essential for the competent use of modern simulation software tools.

The course is delivered through lectures and laboratory exercises, providing students with both theoretical and practical knowledge. Laboratory sessions incorporate the use of digital simulation tools, including conventional software as well as real-time and hardware-in-the-loop simulators that integrate actual secondary EPS equipment. 

A special emphasis is placed on developing models in open-source software environments whenever possible. This approach enables students to explore dynamic phenomena in EPS beyond the classroom setting. 

Part of the teaching process is supported by information and communication technologies, facilitating an interactive and modern learning experience.